Is CBD right for me ?

Thanks to Jillian Kubala MS, RD for this fantastic resource !

Introduction

Cannabidiol is a popular natural remedy used for many common ailments and is better known as CBD. It is one of over 100 chemical compounds known as cannabinoids found family of plants known as Cannabis sativa. of which Hemp is the plant yields the most CBD and least THC.1

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis, and causes the sensation of getting “high” that’s often associated with marijuana. However, unlike THC, CBD is not psychoactive. This quality makes CBD an appealing option for those who are looking for relief from pain and other symptoms without the mind-altering effects of marijuana or certain pharmaceutical drugs.

How it's made

CBD oil is made by extracting CBD from the hemp plant, then diluting it with a carrier oil like MCT oil, hemp seed oil and even olive oil. It’s gaining momentum in the health and wellness world, with some scientific studies confirming it may ease symptoms of ailments like chronic pain and anxiety.

Here are some of the benefits and side affects which we know of so far in literature around CBD.

Treatment of pain

Cannabis Sativa has been recorded as a treatment for pain going as far back as 2900 B.C. More recently, scientists have discovered that certain components of hemp, including CBD, are responsible for its pain-relieving effects and these are known as cannabinoids. 2

The human body contains a specialized system called the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in regulating a variety of functions including sleep, appetite, pain and immune system response. The body produces endocannabinoids, which are neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors in your nervous system. Studies have shown that CBD may help reduce chronic pain by impacting endocannabinoid receptor activity, reducing inflammation and interacting with neurotransmitters. 3,4

One study in rats found that CBD injections reduced pain response to surgical incision, while another rat study found that oral CBD treatment significantly reduced sciatic nerve pain and inflammation. 5,6

Several human studies have found that a combination of CBD and THC is effective in treating pain related to multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and arthritis. One such study of 47 people with multiple sclerosis examined the effects of taking Sativex (an oral spray containing both THC and CBD) for one month. The participants experienced improvements in pain, walking, and muscle spasms. However, the study didn’t include any control group therefore placebo effects cannot be ruled out. 7,8

Treatment of anxiety and depression

Anxiety and depression are common mental health disorders that can have devastating impacts on health and well-being. According to the World Health Organization, depression is the single largest contributor to disability worldwide, while anxiety disorders are ranked sixth. These conditions are usually treated with pharmaceutical drugs, which can cause a number of side effects including drowsiness, agitation, insomnia, sexual dysfunction and headache. 9,10

What’s more, medications like benzodiazepines can be addictive and may lead to substance abuse wheras CBD oil has shown promise as a treatment for both depression and anxiety, leading many who live with these disorders to become interested in this natural approach. 11

In one Brazilian study, 57 men received either oral CBD or a placebo 90 minutes before they underwent a simulated public speaking test. The researchers found that a 300-mg dose of CBD was the most effective at significantly reducing anxiety during the test. The placebo, a 150-mg dose of CBD, and a 600-mg dose of CBD had little to no effect on anxiety. This highlights the need to take your time with CBD and understand dosage - what works for you may not work for someone else and vice versa. 12

The benefits for stress have also been studied in children. The ability of CBD to act on the brain’s receptors for serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and social behaviour has been shown to have positive effects for those suffering from PTSD. It has also shown promising antidepressant-like effects in animal studies demonstrating how important understanding our endocannabinoid system is for all mamals 13,14,15

Cancer Research

CBD may help reduce symptoms related to cancer and side effects related to cancer treatment, like nausea, vomiting and pain. One study has looked at the effects of CBD and THC in 177 people with cancer-related pain who did not experience relief from pain medication. Those treated with an extract containing both compounds experienced a significant reduction in pain compared to those who received only THC extract. CBD may also help reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, which are among the most common chemotherapy-related side effects for those with cancer. 16,17

Though there are drugs that help with these distressing symptoms, they are sometimes ineffective, leading some people to seek alternatives. A study of 16 people undergoing chemotherapy found that a one-to-one combination of CBD and THC administered via mouth spray reduced chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting better than standard treatment alone. 18

Some test-tube and animal studies have even shown that CBD may have anticancer properties. For example, one test-tube study found that concentrated CBD induced cell death in human breast cancer cells. Another study showed that CBD inhibited the spread of aggressive breast cancer cells in mice. 19,20

However, these are test-tube and animal studies, so they can only suggest what might work in people. More studies in humans are needed before conclusions can be made.

Treatment of skin conditions

Acne is a common skin condition that affects more than 9% of the population. It is thought to be caused by a number of factors, including genetics, bacteria, underlying inflammation and the overproduction of sebum, an oily secretion made by sebaceous glands in the skin. 21,22,23

Based on recent scientific studies, CBD oil may help treat acne due to its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to reduce sebum production. One test-tube study found that CBD oil prevented sebaceous gland cells from secreting excessive sebum, exerted anti-inflammatory actions and prevented the activation of “pro-acne” agents like inflammatory cytokines. 24

Another study had similar findings, concluding that CBD may be an efficient and safe way to treat acne, thanks in part to its remarkable anti-inflammatory qualities. 25

Treatment of neurological disorders

Researchers believe that CBD’s ability to act on the endocannabinoid system and other brain signalling systems may provide benefits for those with neurological disorders. In fact, one of the most studied uses for CBD is in treating neurological disorders like epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. Though research in this area is still relatively new, several studies have shown promising results.

One study found reduced spasms in 75% of 276 people with multiple sclerosis who were experiencing muscle spasticity that was resistant to medications. Another study gave 214 people with severe epilepsy 0.9–2.3 grams of CBD oil per pound (2–5 g/kg) of body weight. Their seizures reduced by a median of 36.5%. Yet another found that CBD oil significantly reduced seizure activity in children with Dravet syndrome, a complex childhood epilepsy disorder, compared to a placebo. 26,27,28

Several studies have shown that treatment with CBD improved quality of life and sleep quality for people with Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, animal and test-tube studies have shown that CBD may decrease inflammation and help prevent the neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer’s disease. In one long-term study, researchers gave CBD to mice genetically predisposed to Alzheimer’s disease, finding that it helped prevent cognitive decline. 32,30,31,32

Benefits to heart health

Recent research has linked CBD with several benefits for the heart and circulatory system, including the ability to lower high blood pressure which is linked to higher risks of a number of health conditions, including stroke, heart attack and metabolic syndrome. 33

Studies indicate that CBD may be able to help with high blood pressure with one recent study finding it reduced the resting blood pressure in nine healthy men compared to a placebo. The same study also gave the men stress tests that normally increase blood pressure. Interestingly, the single dose of CBD led the men to experience a smaller blood pressure increase than normal in response to these tests. 34

Researchers have suggested that the stress- and anxiety-reducing properties of CBD are responsible for its ability to help lower blood pressure. Additionally, several animal studies have demonstrated that CBD may help reduce the inflammation and cell death associated with heart disease due to its powerful antioxidant and stress-reducing properties. For example, one study found that treatment with CBD reduced oxidative stress and prevented heart damage in diabetic mice with heart disease. 35

Other benefits currently being explored

CBD has been studied for its role in treating a number of health issues other than those outlined above. Though more studies are needed, CBD is thought to provide the following health benefits:

Antipsychotic effects: Studies suggest that CBD may help people with schizophrenia and other mental disorders by reducing psychotic symptoms. 36
Substance abuse treatment: CBD has been shown to modify circuits in the brain related to drug addiction. In rats, CBD has been shown to reduce morphine dependence and heroin-seeking behaviour. 37
Anti-tumour effects: In test-tube and animal studies, CBD has demonstrated anti-tumour effects. In animals, it has been shown to prevent the spread of breast, prostate, brain, colon and lung cancer. 38
Diabetes prevention: In diabetic mice, treatment with CBD reduced the incidence of diabetes by 56% and significantly reduced inflammation. 39

Though CBD is generally well tolerated and considered safe, it may cause adverse reactions in some people however with some side effects noted in studies including

Diarrhea
Changes in appetite and weight
Fatigue

CBD is also known to interact with several medications. Before you start using CBD oil, discuss it with your doctor to ensure your safety and avoid potentially harmful interactions. 41

This is especially important if you take medications or supplements that come with a “grapefruit warning.” Both grapefruit and CBD interfere with cytochromes P450 (CYPs), a group of enzymes that are important to drug metabolism. 42

One study performed on mice showed that CBD-rich cannabis extracts have the potential to cause liver toxicity. However, some the mice in the study were force-fed extremely large doses of the extract. 43

Conclusion

CBD oil has been studied for its potential role in easing symptoms of many common health issues, including anxiety, depression, acne and heart disease.

For those with cancer, it may even provide a natural alternative for pain and symptom relief.

Research on the potential health benefits of CBD oil is ongoing, so new therapeutic uses for this natural remedy are sure to be discovered.

Though there is much to be learned about the efficacy and safety of CBD, results from recent studies suggest that CBD may provide a safe, powerful natural treatment for many health issues.

References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425762/

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5549367/

3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19675519/

4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5922297/

5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5478794/

6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17157290/

7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25699191/

8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16282192/

9. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf;jsessionid=A10DE94AE161F79CFC829532BC0F3A58?sequence=1

10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4970636/

11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657308/